For decades, the 60/40 portfolio—60% stocks and 40% bonds—was considered the gold standard for balanced investing. It aims to combine the long-term growth potential of equities with the general stability of bonds.
But according to José Minaya, global head of investments and wealth at BNY, that approach may no longer fit today’s complex markets.
Today’s markets are shaped by higher inflation and greater market volatility than what prevailed when the 60/40 rule became popular.
“The old diversification is … 60/40 stocks, bonds … [but] the markets are a lot more complex and sophisticated,” Minaya said this past fall. The solution, he said, is a more flexible 50/30/20 split across equities, bonds, and alternative assets, arguing that greater diversification is now essential.
Why the 60/40 Portfolio May No Longer Be Enough
The 60/40 model historically relied on a low correlation between stocks and bonds—when one fell, the other often rose. In 2022, a well-diversified portfolio of 60% stocks and 40% bonds declined about 16%—though this was less severe than the S&P 500’s 18% drop. The strategy rebounded with returns of about 17% in 2023 and 15% in both 2024 and 2025, though it lagged the S&P 500’s stronger gains during these years.
Rising inflation, tighter monetary policy, and geopolitical stress have changed how markets move, which means investors need exposure beyond traditional assets to navigate this new environment, Minaya said.
With diversification, there’s more complexity to helping clients build their portfolios: “There’s more sophistication in terms of how you package, you know, solutions,” Minaya said. “More sophistication now on the need to get alternatives … to clients.”
Inside the 50/30/20 Model
With a 50/30/20 investment strategy, an investor divides their portfolio across three broad asset categories:
- 50% equities (stocks, whether individually or in funds) for growth potential
- 30% bonds (fixed income securities, singly or in funds) for income and stability through interest payments
- 20% alternatives (individually or in funds) to provide diversification and non-correlated returns (this can include commodities, hedge funds, private equity, and real estate)
This structure seeks to preserve upside from equity markets while adding buffers and new sources of return through bonds and alternative strategies.
Potential Benefits and Trade-Offs
Adding alternatives isn’t without challenges. Many of these assets, such as real estate and commodities, are illiquid, come with higher fees, and require longer holding periods to see a return.
For everyday investors, access to alternatives has been expanded through interval funds (a type of closed-end fund), but these have assets that are less liquid (that’s the ease of buying and selling) and often have higher fees.
In addition, alternative investments can help investors weather recessions and market shocks.
How AI Is Changing the Future of Portfolio Management
Minaya said he sees artificial intelligence (AI) as a powerful ally in the next era of investing. He thinks it can help investors make decisions. He also thinks investors can find AI-oriented businesses that are worth investing in. He said AI has a transformative potential since it can “go through a lot more information … and disseminate that information.”
Undoubtedly, AI is changing the future of portfolio management and the way the world works. That being said, Minaya also explained that a mix of humans with AI is better than just AI alone: “Human beings with AI will be better than human beings without AI, … You’re still gonna need the component … [of] human beings … in the mix.”
The Bottom Line
The 50/30/20 framework, supported by advances in AI, reflects a shift toward portfolios built for complexity, not simplicity.
Minaya’s message is clear: investors can no longer rely on old formulas. The 60/40 portfolio may have worked for decades, but today’s world demands greater diversification and smarter tools.
